Binary classification models predict a binary outcome (ie. one of two potential classes). In Arthur, these models fall into the category of classification and are represented by the Multiclass model type.

Some common examples of Text binary classification are:

• Is this email spam or not?
• Was this review written by a human or a robot?

Frequently, these models output not only a yes/no answer but also a probability for each (i.e. prob_yes and prob_no). These probabilities are then categorized into yes/no based on a threshold. In these cases, during onboarding teams will supply their classification threshold and continuously track the class probabilities (i.e. prob_yes, prob_no).

Formatted Data in Arthur

Text binary classification models require three things to be specified in their schema: the text input, predicted probability of outputs, and a column for the inference's true label (or ground truth). Many teams also choose to onboard metadata for the model (i.e. any information you want to track about your inferences) as non-input attributes.

Predict Function and Mapping

These are some examples of common values teams need to onboard for their binary classification models.

The relationship between the prediction and ground truth column must be defined to help set up your Arthur environment to calculate default performance metrics. There are 3 options for formatting this, depending on your reference dataset. Additionally, if teams wish to enable explainability, they must provide a few Assets Required For Explainability. Below are common examples of the required runnable predict function (that outputs two values, the probability of each potential class).

## Option 1:  Single Prediction Column, Single Ground Truth Column
# Map PredictedValue Column to its corresponding GroundTruth value.
# This tells Arthur that the `pred_proba_credit_default` column represents 
# the probability that the ground truth column has the value 1
pred_to_ground_truth_map_1 = {'pred_proba_credit_default' : 1}

# Building the Model with this technique
arthur_model.build(reference_data,
                   ground_truth_column='ground_truth',
                   pred_to_ground_truth_map=pred_to_ground_truth_map_1,
                   )

## Option 2:  Multiple Prediction Columns, Single Ground Truth Column
# Map each PredictedValue attribute to its corresponding GroundTruth value.
pred_to_ground_truth_map_2 = {'pred_0' : 0,
                            'pred_1' : 1}

# Building the Model with this technique
arthur_model.build(reference_data,
                   ground_truth_column='ground_truth',
                   pred_to_ground_truth_map=pred_to_ground_truth_map_2,
                   positive_predicted_attr = 'pred_1'
                   )

## Option 3:  Multiple Prediction and Ground Truth Columns
# Map each PredictedValue attribute to its corresponding GroundTruth attribute.
pred_to_ground_truth_map_3 = {'pred_0' : 'gt_0',
                            'pred_1' : 'gt_1'}

# Building the Model with this technique
arthur_model.build(reference_data,
                   pred_to_ground_truth_map=pred_to_ground_truth_map_3,
                   positive_predicted_attr = 'pred_1'
                   )

# example_entrypoint.py

sk_model = joblib.load("./serialized_model.pkl")

def predict(x):
    return sk_model.predict_proba(x)

# example_entrypoint.py
from utils import pipeline_transformations

sk_model = joblib.load("./serialized_model.pkl")

def predict(x):
    return sk_model.predict_proba(pipeline_transformations(x))

Available Metrics

When onboarding Text classification models, you have a number of default metrics available to you within the UI. You can learn more about each specific metric in the metrics section of the documentation.

Out-of-the-Box Metrics

The following metrics are automatically available in the UI (out-of-the-box) when teams onboard a binary classification model. Find out more about these metrics in the Performance Metrics section.

Drift Metrics

In the platform, drift metrics are calculated compared to a reference dataset. So, once a reference dataset is onboarded for your model, these metrics are available out of the box for comparison. Find out more about these metrics in the Drift and Anomaly section.

Of note, for unstructured data types (like text and image), feature drift is calculated for non-input attributes. The actual input to the model (in this case text) drift is calculated with multivariate drift to accommodate the multivariate nature / relationships within the data type.

Note: Teams are able to evaluate drift for inference data at different intervals with our Python SDK and query service (for example data coming into the model now, compared to a month ago).

Fairness Metrics

As further described in the Fairness Metrics section of the documentation, fairness metrics are available for any tabular Arthur attributes manually selected to monitor for bias. For text models, however, the only attribute required to onboard a model is the text attribute. So, it is only possible to monitor non-input attributes for fairness in text models.

User-Defined Metrics

Whether your team uses a different performance metric, wants to track defined segments of data, or needs logical functions to create a metric for external stakeholders (like product or business metrics). Learn more about creating metrics with data in Arthur in the User-Defined Metrics section.

Available Enrichments

The following enrichments can be enabled for this model type: